Foods linked to hepatitis A outbreaks include shellfish (especially raw or undercooked), raw or undercooked seafood, raw or poorly washed fruits and vegetables, and ready-to-eat cold foods. Additionally, frozen berries, frozen strawberries, and ice have also been implicated in outbreaks.
Elaboration:
Shellfish:
Shellfish, particularly raw or undercooked oysters and other shellfish, are frequently associated with hepatitis A outbreaks.
Fruits and Vegetables:
Unwashed or improperly washed raw fruits and vegetables, including salads, can be contaminated with the virus.
Ready-to-eat cold foods:
Sandwiches, salads, and other cold, ready-to-eat foods can be contaminated through cross-contamination during preparation or handling.
Frozen berries and strawberries:
Frozen strawberries, in particular, have been linked to several outbreaks in recent years.
Ice:
Ice cubes can be contaminated if made with contaminated water, posing a risk of transmission.
Other foods:
Other foods, like milk, cheese, and bread, can also be contaminated if handled by infected individuals or prepared with contaminated water.
How food becomes contaminated:
Fecal contamination:
The hepatitis A virus is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route. This means that if contaminated feces get into food or water, it can lead to infection.
Contaminated water:
Fruits and vegetables can be washed or irrigated with contaminated water, leading to contamination.
Poor hygiene:
Individuals with poor hygiene practi