Carter Godwin Woodson was born on December 19, 1875, in New Canton, Virginia. Born to parents who had been enslaved, Woodson grew up in poverty and spent much of his early life working in coal mines to support himself and his family. Despite limited access to formal education during his childhood, he pursued learning relentlessly and completed high school in just two years once he was able to attend regularly.
Woodson went on to earn degrees from Berea College and the University of Chicago before making history in 1912 as one of the first African Americans to receive a doctorate in history from Harvard University. At the time, he was also the only person whose parents had been enslaved to earn a PhD from the institution. His academic achievements, however, were only part of his lasting impact.
As a historian, Woodson became increasingly concerned with how African American history was ignored, misrepresented, or entirely omitted from mainstream education. He believed that a society could not fully understand itself while excluding the experiences and contributions of an entire group of people. In response, he dedicated his career to research, writing, and institution building.
In 1916, Woodson founded the Association for the Study of African American Life and History to promote scholarly research and public education. Ten years later, he established Negro History Week, choosing February to align with the birthdays of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln. This observance laid the groundwork for what later became Black History Month.
Often referred to as the Father of Black History, Woodson spent his life challenging historical erasure and advocating for education rooted in truth. His work reshaped how history is studied and remembered in the United States, leaving a legacy that continues to influence classrooms, institutions, and public discourse today.
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