Born enslaved on September 22, 1853 near Rembert in Sumter County, South Carolina, George Washington Murray rose from bondage to the halls of Congress during one of the most hostile eras in American history.
After the Civil War, Murray pursued education with purpose and urgency. He attended the University of South Carolina during the brief Reconstruction period when the school was open to Black students, a rare and fragile window of opportunity that would soon slam shut. Education was not just personal advancement for Murray, it was strategy, survival, and resistance.
He became a teacher and agricultural expert, believing knowledge was power in a society designed to deny it to Black Americans. From there, he stepped into Republican politics, back when the party still carried the legacy of Reconstruction. In the 1890s, Murray served in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing South Carolina at a time when Black political power was being violently dismantled across the South.
Murray was one of the last Black members of Congress in the nineteenth century and during parts of his service, the only one. He spoke openly and unapologetically about lynching, racial terror, and voter suppression while Jim Crow laws tightened their grip. He introduced federal proposals to protect Black voting rights and civil rights, fully aware that Congress was growing less willing to listen and more committed to exclusion.
George Washington Murray did not win every fight, but he put injustice on the congressional record and refused silence. In an era demanding submission, he chose courage. That choice still echoes.
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